Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit
immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can …

Infection-triggered perturbation of the immune system could induce psychopathology, and
psychiatric sequelae were observed after previous coronavirus outbreaks. The spreading of …

Background Mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), and systemic inflammation is high. In areas of pandemic …

COVID-19 outbreak is associated with mental health implications during viral infection and
at short-term follow-up. Data on psychiatric and cognitive sequelae at medium-term follow-up …

Immune responses against pathogens require that microbial components promote the activation
of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Autoimmune diseases and graft rejections occur in …

We suggest the use of MicroCLOTS (microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive
thromboinflammatory syndrome) as a new name for severe pulmonary coronavirus disease 2019 …

Background Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6
(IL-6) receptor, has been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 patients; however, …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant and conserved nuclear protein that is
released by necrotic cells and acts in the extracellular environment as a primary …

Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and nucleosomes represent a hallmark
of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanisms involved in breaking …

SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs,
occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is …