In visual and somatosensory cortices of several species, spiny stellate cells in layer 4 are the
first elements in signal processing where thalamic information is integrated and emergent …

Self-recognition in front of a mirror is used as an indicator of self-awareness. Along with
humans, some chimpanzees and orangutans have been shown to be self-aware using the mark …

Using the magnetic search coil technique to measure eye and ear movements, we trained
cats by operant conditioning to look in the direction of light and sound sources with their …

Objective. Given current clinical interest in vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), there are surprisingly
few studies characterizing the anatomy of the vagus nerve in large animal models as it …

Bimodal enhancement, a form of nonlinear summation of physiological responses from two
sensory modalities, has been demonstrated in the intermediate layers of the superior …

In oculomotor research, there are two common methods by which the apparent location of
visual and/or auditory targets are measured, saccadic eye movements with the head …

The gut immune system in the healthy intestine is anti‐inflammatory, but can move to a pro‐inflammatory
state when the gut is challenged by pathogens or in disease. The nervous …

We measured the movements of the external ear, or pinna, using the magnetic search coil
technique in cats trained to look at auditory and visual targets for a food reward. No behavioral …

The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that plays a central role in the integration
of information from different sensory modalities and the generation of orienting responses. …

The sound localization abilities of three rhesus monkeys were tested under head-restrained
and head-unrestrained conditions. Operant conditioning and the magnetic search coil …