Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly active pro-inflammatory cytokine that lowers pain thresholds
and damages tissues. Monotherapy blocking IL-1 activity in autoinflammatory syndromes …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. …

Immune responses in vertebrates are classically divided into innate and adaptive, with only
the latter being able to build up immunological memory. However, although lacking adaptive …

Importance Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur in younger, predominantly
male, patients without preexisting medical conditions. Some individuals may have …

Background The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a substantial threat to morbidity
and mortality worldwide. Due to its large public health and societal implications, multidrug-…

The WHO definition of health as complete wellbeing is no longer fit for purpose given the
rise of chronic disease. Machteld Huber and colleagues propose changing the emphasis …

We examined whether the synthesis of interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor, two cytokines
with potent inflammatory activities, is influenced by dietary supplementation with n—3 fatty …

Introduction Trained immunity refers to the memory characteristics of the innate immune system.
Memory traits of innate immunity have been reported in plants and invertebrates, as well …

Introduction Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for up to 3 to 5 days. Concomitantly,
immunological imprinting of either tolerance (immunosuppression) or trained immunity (innate …

Adaptive features of innate immunity, recently described as “trained immunity,” have been
documented in plants, invertebrate animals, and mice, but not yet in humans. Here we show …