To gain insight into the function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)
isoforms in rodents, we disrupted the ligand-binding domain of the α isoform of mouse PPAR (…

GLIAL-CELL-LINE-DERIVED neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been isolated as a neurotrophic
factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons 1 . Because of its neurotrophic activity on a wide …

The common y chain (yc) of the IL-2, 11-4, IL-7, IL-g, and IL-15 receptors is defective in
humans with XSCID. Mice lacking ys expression had hypoplastic thymuses; the thymocytes …

Insulin action is viewed as a set of branching pathways, with some actions serving to regulate
energy metabolism and others to regulate cellular growth and development 1 . Thus far, …

We investigated the function of Lhx2, a LIM homeobox gene expressed in developing B-cells,
forebrain and neural retina, by analyzing embryos deficient in functional Lhx2 protein. …

While most effects of dopamine in the brain are mediated by the D1 and D2 receptor
subtypes, other members of this G protein-coupled receptor family have potentially important …

Pharmacological evaluation of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release from striatum has yielded
data consistent with activation of a single population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (…

Of the five known dopamine receptors, D1A and D2 represent the major subtypes expressed
in the striatum of the adult brain. Within the striatum, these two subtypes are differentially …

Mammalian oocytes synthesize and secrete a zona pellucida that surrounds the growing
oocytes, ovulated eggs and preimplantation embryos. The extracellular zona matrix is …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present in high abundance in the
nervous system ( Decker et al., 1995 ). There are a large number of subunits expressed in the …