As for hypertension, chronic pain, epilepsy and other disorders with particular symptoms, a
commonly accepted and unambiguous definition provides a common ground for researchers …

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) is a model proposed to explain divergent neurological
disorders. It is characterized by a common oscillatory pattern in which resting-state alpha …

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Increasing
evidence suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes contributes to …

Parthanatos-associated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclease (PAAN), also known as
macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), is a member of the PD-D/E(X)K nucleases that acts …

Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has already been used to manage
tinnitus patients, paucity of reports and variations in protocols preclude a comprehensive …

Astrocytes and microglia are brain‐resident glia that can establish harmful inflammatory
environments in disease contexts and thereby contribute to the progression of neuronal loss in …

In tinnitus, PET and other functional imaging modalities have shown functional changes not
only in the auditory cortex but also in nonauditory regions such as the limbic, frontal, and …

Intraneuronal inclusions of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) and prion-like spread of the pathologic
α-syn contribute to progressive neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite the …

Both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
are capable of suppressing tinnitus loudness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic …

Use of the physiological mechanisms promoting midbrain DA ( mDA ) neuron survival
seems an appropriate option for developing treatments for Parkinson's disease ( PD ). mDA …