Chalcone synthases, which biosynthesize chalcones (the starting materials for many
flavonoids 1 , 2 ), have been believed to be specific to plants. However, the rppA gene from the …

Background: Based on the homology with fatty acid synthases and bacterial polyketide
synthases (PKSs), thioesterase domains have been assigned at the C-terminus regions of fungal …

Inflammasome activation initiates the development of many inflammatory diseases, including
obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that target discrete activation steps could …

Meroterpenoids are hybrid natural products of both terpenoid and polyketide origin. We
identified a biosynthetic gene cluster that is responsible for the production of the meroterpenoid …

The solanapyrone biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned from Alternaria solani. It consists of
six genes—sol1–6—coding for a polyketide synthase, an O‐methyltransferase, a …

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)
have an endless self-renewal capacity and can theoretically differentiate into all types of …

Chain lengths and cyclization patterns of microbial polyketides are generally determined by
polyketide synthases alone. Fungal polyketide melanins are often derived from a …

Polyketides are produced primarily in microorganisms through a specialized metabolism
that is a variation of fatty acid biosynthesis. A strong sequence and mechanistic similarity …

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by some of the
same strains of A. flavus that produce aflatoxins and by some Aspergillus oryzae strains. …

Recent evidences suggest that the extracts of plant products are able to modulate innate
immune responses. A saponin GL and a chalcone ILG are representative components of …