Background Since 1973 we have performed extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis
because of the presence of thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinal fatty tissue. Follow-up …

EML4-ALK gene fusions have recently been discovered in a subset of human lung carcinomas,
and fusions of the ALK tyrosine kinase gene with the NPM, TPM3, CLTC, ATIC, and TFG …

To establish a tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification of thymoma, 207 thymoma patients
seen at the First Department of Surgery, Osaka University, and the Second Department of …

In immune cells, CD73 dephosphorylates and converts extracellular AMP into adenosine,
which binds the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR). Blockade of this interaction, which induces …

To explore the significance of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase, catalytic, alpha (PIK3CA) in the
carcinogenesis in human lung, mutations and copy number changes were investigated in …

New reliable biomarkers are needed to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors
against programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), because PD-L1 expression on …

Objective Lung cancer patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) who have undergone
pulmonary resection often develop acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia (AE) in the post…

In preimplantation mouse embryos, the Hippo signaling pathway plays a central role in
regulating the fates of the trophectoderm ( TE ) and the inner cell mass ( ICM ). In early …

Background This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted
thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and to compare the oncologic outcomes of VATS with those of …

OBJECTIVES Myasthenia gravis (MG) has been reported to correlate with earlier stage and
Type B thymomas by the World Health Organization classification. We analysed a large …