Background The effect of screening with prostate-specific–antigen (PSA) testing and digital
rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer is unknown. This is the first …

Background. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial
cells, and its serum concentration is increased in men with prostatic disease, including cancer. …

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia is commonly treated with alpha-adrenergic–receptor
antagonists (alpha-blockers) or 5α-reductase inhibitors. The long-term effect of these …

Background The effectiveness of surgery versus observation for men with localized prostate
cancer detected by means of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is not known. Methods …

Context Screening for ovarian cancer with cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and transvaginal
ultrasound has an unknown effect on mortality. Objective To evaluate the effect of screening for …

Background The prostate component of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO)
Cancer Screening Trial was undertaken to determine whether there is a reduction in …

Background We conducted a study to determine whether dutasteride reduces the risk of
incident prostate cancer, as detected on biopsy, among men who are at increased risk for the …

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive, androgen-dependent disease
resulting in enlargement of the prostate gland and urinary obstruction. Preventing the …

Recently, common variants on human chromosome 8q24 were found to be associated with
prostate cancer risk. While conducting a genome-wide association study in the Cancer …

Background The benefits of endoscopic testing for colorectal-cancer screening are uncertain.
We evaluated the effect of screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy on colorectal-cancer …