A challenging question that continues unanswered in the field of addiction is why some
individuals are more vulnerable to substance use disorders than others. Numerous risk factors …

Diabetes and depression are common comorbid conditions. Although certain health
behaviors and risk factors partially explain the association of depression and diabetes, other …

Population-based studies have been hampered in exploring hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
axis (HPA) activity as a potential explanatory link between stress-related and metabolic …

BACKGROUND: Sex differences in addictive disorders have been described. Preclinical
studies have implicated the striatal dopamine system in these differences, but human studies …

Although there is growing evidence of links between the cortisol stress response and
personality, the nature of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms require further …

BACKGROUND: Ethnic diversity among physicians may be linked to improved access and
quality of care for minorities. Academic medical institutions are challenged to increase …

There is evidence for hypercortisolemia playing a role in the generation of psychiatric
symptoms and for epigenetic variation within hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis genes …

Context The stress responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can produce adverse
effects on the brain. Previous studies have concluded that an elevated level of cortisol is a …

The present study was designed to determine whether there are gender differences in
hormonal response patterns to HPA axis activation. To this end, two methods of activating the …

There is evidence that stress and glucocorticoids alter drug self-administration and mesolimbic
dopamine (DA) activity in preclinical models. The primary purpose of this study was to …