Originally, leptin was described as a product of adipocytes that acts on the hypothalamus to
regulate appetite. However, subsequently, it has been shown that leptin receptors are …

Joint replacement is a major orthopaedic procedure used to treat joint osteoarthritis. Aseptic
loosening and infection are the two most significant causes of prosthetic implant failure. The …

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. It arises in bone during
periods of rapid growth and primarily affects adolescents and young adults. The 5-year survival …

Absorption-contrast x-ray imaging serves to visualize the variation in x-ray attenuation within
the volume of a given sample, whereas phase contrast allows one to visualize variations in x…

Purpose Posttraumatic epilepsy ( PTE ) occurs in a proportion of traumatic brain injury ( TBI )
cases, significantly compounding the disability, and risk of injury and death for sufferers. To …

Infrapatellar fat pad adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) have been shown to harbor chondrogenic
potential. When combined with 3D polymeric structures, the stem cells provide a source …

Mood disturbances, including depression and anxiety disorders, are common and disabling
long-term sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These psychiatric conditions have …

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from haemopoietic precursors, including
cells present in peripheral blood. The recent identification of RANKL [receptor activator of …

Breast cancer metastasis to the bone occurs frequently, causing numerous complications
including severe pain, fracture, hypercalcemia, and paralysis. Despite its prevalence and …

Modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL), eg, by oxidation, has been proposed as being
important for the formation of foam cells and therefore for the development of atherosclerotic …