Background Parkinson's disease is typically treated with oral dopamine replacement therapies;
however, long-term treatment leads to motor complications and, occasionally, impulse …

Background Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment
of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. …

Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is active in Parkinson
disease (PD) and contributes to neurodegeneration. This process can be studied in vivo with …

Translocator protein (TSPO) is expressed at a low level in healthy brain and is upregulated
during inflammatory processes that may occur in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, TSPO …

Background In 2020 the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic imposed a total and
sudden lockdown. We aimed to investigate the consequences of the first COVID-19 …

The risk of Parkinson’s disease is reduced by cigarette smoking, which raises some
unanswered questions. Nicotine, a major component of tobacco smoke, could exert either …

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently proposed to treat intractable neuropathic
pain. Since the 1970s, isolated cases and small cohorts of patients suffering from dystonia, …

Background/Aims: Evaluation of tremor constitutes a crucial step from the diagnosis to the
initial treatment and follow-up of patients with essential tremor. The severity of tremor can be …

Background Acting on the main target of dopaminergic cells, the striatal γ‐aminobutyric acid
(GABA)‐ergic cells, might be a new way to treat persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). …

Objective To assess amantadine use and associated factors in the patients with Parkinson’s
disease (PD). Background Immediate-release amantadine is approved for the treatment of …