Computers may be thought of as engines for transforming free energy into waste heat and
mathematical work. Existing electronic computers dissipate energy vastly in excess of the …

The usual general-purpose computing automaton (eg, a Turing machine) is logically
irreversible—its transition function lacks a single-valued inverse. Here it is shown that such …

WMAP precision data enable accurate testing of cosmological models. We find that the
emerging standard model of cosmology, a flat Λ-dominated universe seeded by a nearly scale-…

… months of data and Bennett et al. (1992a) describe the calibration procedures. This Letter
describes results based upon … separation of cosmic and Galactic signals (Bennett et al …

The purpose of the MAP mission is to determine the geometry, content, and evolution of the
universe via a 13 &arcmin; full width half-maximum (FWHM) resolution full-sky map of the …

… Bennett and Peter W. Shor … CH Bennett is with the IBM Research Division, TJ Watson
Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA (e-mail: bennetc@watson.ibm.com). … [6] …

We present the final nine-year maps and basic results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
Probe (WMAP) mission. The full nine-year analysis of the time-ordered data provides …

When elementary quantum systems, such as polarized photons, are used to transmit digital
information, the uncertainty principle gives rise to novel cryptographic phenomena …

An unknown quantum state‖ φ> can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from,
purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) …

As is well known, operations on one particle of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair cannot
influence the marginal statistics of measurements on the other particle. We characterize …