Brain inflammation is a major factor in epilepsy, but the impact of specific inflammatory mediators
on neuronal excitability is incompletely understood. Using models of acute and chronic …

Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit
immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can …

Immune responses against pathogens require that microbial components promote the activation
of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Autoimmune diseases and graft rejections occur in …

Tissue damage occurs often in the life of mammals and is usually repaired. Dying cells are
swiftly phagocytosed, but before disappearing, they alert surrounding cells to activate …

The inefficient clearance of dying cells can result in the accumulation of apoptotic cell
remnants. This occurrence is considered an intrinsic defect that can cause the permanent …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant and conserved nuclear protein that is
released by necrotic cells and acts in the extracellular environment as a primary …

Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and nucleosomes represent a hallmark
of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanisms involved in breaking …

Background Increasing evidence implicates both platelets and neutrophils in the formation,
stabilization, and growth of peripheral and coronary thrombi. Neutrophil extracellular traps (…

SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs,
occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is …

Two of the main challenges that eukaryotic multicellular organisms faced during evolution
were to eliminate and replace dying cells and to cope with invading microorganisms. The …