Objective: To assess the anterior mediastinal mass in recurrent testicular cancer, with relation to thymic hyperplasia after treatment.
Methods: The anterior mediastinal regions were fully evaluated by chest computed tomography (CT) at the initial staging and after treatment in 24 of 44 patients with testicular cancer.
Results: One patient with stage IIB tumor had thymic hyperplasia before treatment, and one with stage III had benign thymic hyperplasia after chemotherapy with salvage surgery. Three of 4 patients who had recurrence had an anterior mediastinal mass. One had benign thymic hyperplasia confirmed by histology and 2 had metastatic tumor confirmed by histology and clinical course, in which the mass became so enlarged that it obstructed major vessels.
Conclusion: Although the relationship of the CT finding to the response to treatment in the anterior mediastinal mass and other metastatic lesions provide some clues helpful in differentiating benign from malignant masses, surgical exploration is recommended for the patient with an indication for salvage surgery.