Purpose: To investigate the advances and clinical results of the different ultrasound modalities and the progress in combining them into multiparametric UltraSound (mpUS).
Methods: A systematic literature search on mpUS and the different ultrasound modalities included: greyscale ultrasound, computerized transrectal ultrasound, Doppler and power Doppler techniques, dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound and (shear wave) elastography.
Results: Limited research available on combining ultrasound modalities has presented improvement in diagnostic performance. The data of two studies suggest that even adding a lower performing ultrasound modality to a better performing modality using crude methods can already improve the sensitivity by 13-51 %. The different modalities detect different tumours. No study has tried to combine ultrasound modalities employing a system similar to the PIRADS system used for mpMRI or more advanced classifying algorithms.
Conclusion: Available evidence confirms that combining different ultrasound modalities significantly improves diagnostic performance.
Keywords: ANNA/C-TRUS; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Doppler; Elastography; Multiparametric MRI; Multiparametric UltraSound; Prostate cancer; Shear wave elastography.