Impact of post-therapy positron emission tomography on prognostic stratification and surveillance after chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer

Background: A study was undertaken to investigate the detection of relapse and survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer treated with curative intent chemoradiotherapy, and evaluated with a post-therapy (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan.

Methods: Between January 2002 and June 2007, 105 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry study designed to assess outcomes of chemoradiotherapy. A FDG-PET scan was performed between 3 and 12 months (median, 4.9 months) post-treatment at clinician discretion. Tumor response was graded as complete metabolic response, partial metabolic response, or progressive metabolic disease.

Results: Median follow-up was 36 months. At post-therapy FDG-PET, 73 (70%) patients had complete metabolic response, 10 (9%) had partial metabolic response, and 22 (21%) had progressive metabolic disease. Overall survival at 3 years was 77% in all patients, and 95% for those with complete metabolic response. On multivariate analysis, complete metabolic response (P < .0001) and pretreatment tumor volume (P = .041) were strong predictors for overall survival. The number of involved lymph nodes (P < .005) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P = .04) were predictive of relapse-free survival. In total, 18 patients relapsed at a single site, and 13 underwent salvage, with a 3-year survival of 67%. Patients with complete metabolic response had a distant failure rate 36-fold less than those with partial metabolic response (P < .0001). After complete metabolic response, only 1 patient (1.6%) relapsed without symptoms and was detected through physical examination.

Conclusions: The presence of a complete metabolic response at post-therapy FDG-PET is a powerful predictor for survival after chemoradiation. The very low rate of recurrence in patients with a complete metabolic response justifies a conservative follow-up approach for these patients, because relapse is usually symptomatic and not detected by routine clinical review.