Intact and cleaved uPAR forms: diagnostic and prognostic value in cancer

Front Biosci. 2008 May 1:13:6752-62. doi: 10.2741/3186.

Abstract

The cellular receptor for urokinase, uPAR, localizes its ligand, uPA, and thereby the plasminogen activation, to the cell surface. uPA also cleaves uPAR, liberating the ligand-binding domain I, and thereby inactivates the binding potential of uPAR for both uPA and vitronectin. The uPA-catalyzed cleavage of uPAR is fast on the cell surface, when uPA is bound to a neighboring uPAR molecule. uPAR can be shed from the cell surface. However, the soluble form cannot be cleaved by uPA. Glycolipid-anchored and soluble forms of intact, uPAR(I-III), and cleaved receptor, uPAR(II-III) and uPAR(I), have been identified in tissue and body fluids. It is well-established, that the total amount of all uPAR forms is a strong prognostic marker in different types of cancer. Using immunoassays, measuring the individual uPAR forms, has revealed that the cleaved uPAR forms are even stronger prognostic markers and have diagnostic utility. This review will focus on the mechanism of uPAR cleavage and the functional consequences, as well as the clinical applicability of cleaved uPAR forms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Enzyme Activation
  • Fibrinolysis
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Neoplasms / physiopathology
  • Peptide Fragments / analysis
  • Plasminogen / metabolism
  • Prognosis
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / analysis*
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
  • Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Substances

  • PLAUR protein, human
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
  • Plasminogen