Abstract
In order to study the expression of MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 in breast cancer brain metastasis, we used a syngeneic rat model of distant metastasis of ENU1564, a carcinogen-induced mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. At six weeks post inoculation we observed development of micro-metastasis in the brain. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting analyses showed that MMP-2, -3 and -9 proteins expressions are consistently significantly higher in neoplastic brain tissue compared to normal brain tissue. These results were confirmed by RT-PCR. In situ zymography revealed gelatinase activity within the brain metastasis. Gel zymography showed increase in MMP2 and MMP3 activity in brain metastasis. Furthermore, we were able to significantly decrease the development of breast cancer brain metastasis in animals by treatment with PD 166793, a selective synthetic MMP inhibitor. In addition, PD 166793 decreased the in vitro invasive cell behavior of ENU1546. Together our results suggest that MMP-2, -3 and -9 may be involved in the process of metastasis of breast cancer to the brain.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / metabolism*
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Adenocarcinoma / pathology
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Animals
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Brain / metabolism
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Brain Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Brain Neoplasms / pathology
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Brain Neoplasms / secondary
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Disease Models, Animal
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
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Humans
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Hydroxamic Acids / pharmacology
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Immunohistochemistry
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In Vitro Techniques
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / drug effects
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / genetics*
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / drug effects
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / genetics*
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / drug effects
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / genetics*
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Neoplasm Metastasis
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Oligopeptides / pharmacology
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RNA, Messenger / drug effects
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Rats
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Substances
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(R)-2-(4'-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonyl-amino)-3-methyl-butyric acid
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Hydroxamic Acids
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Oligopeptides
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RNA, Messenger
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 3
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9