In this review we trace back the history of an idea that takes a new approach in restorative neurotransplantation by focusing on the "multifaceted dialogue" between graft and host and assigns a central role to graft-evoked host plasticity. In several experimental examples ranging from the transfer of solid fetal tissue grafts into mechanical cortical injuries to deposits of neural stem cells into hemisectioned spinal cord. MPTP-damaged substantia nigra or mutant cerebella supportive evidence is provided for the hypothesis, that in many CNS disorders regeneration of the host CNS can be achieved by taking advantage of the inherent capacity of neural grafts to induce protective and restorative mechanisms within the host. This principle might once allow us to spare even complex circuitry from neurodegeneration.