Systemic infusion of somatostatin in humans and rodents alters renal glomerular filtration rate, solute transport, and water clearance. Among the five different G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), SSTR1 is expressed in human kidney collecting ducts and SSTR2 is expressed in rat and human collecting ducts and glomeruli. Our laboratory recently localized SSTRs 3, 4, and 5 to mouse kidney proximal tubules. Our aim was to characterize the expression of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in mouse kidneys. We detected mRNA for somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in the mouse kidney by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with confirmation by Southern blotting. In contrast to the data in human kidneys, we localized SSTR1 proteins to mouse proximal tubules and glomerular podocytes. Similar to the reports in human and rat kidneys, we detected SSTR2 proteins in the murine glomerulus and collecting duct; we were further able to identify the specific SSTR2-positive cells as podocytes and principal cells, respectively. Thus, taken with our previously published results, the kidney expresses all five somatostatin receptors. Furthermore, the expression of the SSTRs in the mouse kidney correlates well with the known actions of somatostatin in the kidney.