Society of University SurgeonsPractical guidelines for optimal gamma probe detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: Results of a multi-institutional study*,**
Section snippets
Methods
Patients were enrolled in the University of Louisville Breast Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Study, a prospective multicenter (121 surgeons) study, between August 1997 and August 1999. The study was approved by the institutional review board at each institution. Patients with biopsy-proven clinical stage T1-2, N0, M0 invasive breast cancer were eligible. Some patients with T3 tumors were included; the tumors of these patients were clinically staged as T2 N0 tumors, but after the operation the tumor
Results
The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients who entered into the study are shown in Table I.Variable No. of patients (%) Age (y) <50 170 (22) >50 588 (78) T stage T1 541 (71) T2 196 (26) T3 21 (3) Location Upper outer quadrant 395 (52) Upper inner quadrant 120 (16) Lower outer quadrant 95 (13) Lower inner quadrant 51 (7) Central 97 (12) Pathologic feature Infiltrating ductal 649 (85) Infiltrating lobular 82 (11) Other 26 (4) Type of surgery Mastectomy 249 (33)
Discussion
Numerous studies have documented that SLN biopsy can accurately determine the nodal status in breast cancer. However, the high false-negative rates in some of the published studies have raised concern about the accuracy of the technique in widespread use. Despite the abundant literature, there has been no clear consensus regarding a practical issue that faces surgeons who perform this procedure: When multiple radioactive nodes are found, which ones should be removed? It is generally accepted
Acknowledgements
We thank Diana Simpson, RN, Vicki Viar, RN, MSN, Carla Shelton, and Sherri Matthews for the data management and coordination of the study, and the members of the University of Louisville Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Study Group for their active participation.
References (17)
- et al.
Sentinel lymphatic mapping in breast cancer
J Am Coll Surg
(1999) - et al.
Carbon dye as an adjunct to isosulfan blue dye for sentinel lymph node dissection
Surgery
(1999) - et al.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: unfiltered radioisotope is superior to filtered
J Am Coll Surg
(1999) - et al.
Sentinel lymphadenectomy in breast cancer
J Clin Oncol
(1997) - et al.
The role of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy in the management of patients with breast cancer
Adv Surg
(1999) - et al.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer: results in a large series
J Natl Cancer Inst
(1999) Sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer
Oncology
(1999)- et al.
Lymphatic mapping in the treatment of breast cancer
Oncology
(1998)
Cited by (174)
Concepts of photochemical damage of Photosystem II and the role of excessive excitation
2021, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Up to this point, we have discussed the ontology (terminology, mechanisms, and types of photodamage), epistemology (how we describe the photodamaging events), and phenomenology (facts and history) of photoinhibition, so the only missing part to establish a comprehensive framework is the methodology. In other fields where there is controversy in measuring a phenomenon, guidelines and ontologies are well defined to standardize research methods and approaches—examples of those could be found [133,134]. So, is it possible to establish a similar approach for PSII photodamage?
Near Infrared Fluorescent Lymph Node Mapping with Indocyanine Green in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Trial
2019, Journal of the American College of SurgeonsWeishaar's classification system for nodal metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes: Clinical outcome in 94 dogs with mast cell tumor
2024, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
- *
Reprint requests: Kelly M. McMasters, MD, PhD, University of Louisville-Brown Cancer Center, 529 S Jackson St, Louisville, KY 40202.
- **
Supported by the Center for Advanced Surgical Technology (CAST) of Norton Hospital, Louisville, Ky.