Isoprostanes and related products of lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases

doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.10.010

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

Volume 128, Issues 1–2, March 2004, Pages 117-124

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.10.010 Get rights and content

Abstract

Lipid peroxidation is a major outcome of free radical-mediated injury to brain, where it directly damages membranes and generates a number of oxidized products. Some of the chemically and metabolically stable oxidation products are useful in vivo biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. These include the isoprostanes (IsoPs) and isofurans (IsoFs), derived from arachidonic acid (AA), and neuroprostanes (NeuroPs), derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We have shown increased levels of IsoPs, NeuroPs, and IsoFs in diseased regions of brain from patients who died from advanced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IsoPs are present in patients with AD or Huntington’s disease (HD) early in the course of their illness, and CSF IsoPs may improve the laboratory diagnostic accuracy for AD. In contrast, quantification of IsoPs in plasma and urine of AD patients has yielded inconsistent results. These results indicate that brain lipid peroxidation is a potential therapeutic target early in the course of AD and HD, that CSF IsoPs may aid in the assessment of anti-oxidant experimental therapeutics and laboratory diagnosis of AD.

Section snippets

Lipid peroxidation and in vivo markers of oxidative damage

Abundant in vitro and in vivo data have strongly implicated free radical-mediated injury to diseased regions of brain as a shared mechanism among several neurodegenerative diseases. While free radical damage may be common among neurodegenerative diseases, the sources of free radicals likely are specific to different types of neurodegeneration. For example, in vivo and in vitro data indicate that oligomers or higher order aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides both directly and indirectly

Lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases

The following sections will review the evidence for increased brain lipid peroxidation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Summary

Results from these studies clearly show that diseased regions of brain from patients with advanced AD and PD have increased levels of lipid peroxidation products compared to controls. Importantly, patients with probable early AD or early HD not receiving anti-oxidants have increased CSF F₂-IsoP levels compared to age-matched controls. In combination with a large number of additional studies showing in vitro neurotoxic activity for reactive products from lipid peroxidation, these results

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Nancy and Ellsworth Alvord Endowment (T.J.M.), the Cheng-Mei Shaw Endowment (J.Z.), grants from the NIH (AG00774, AG16835, AG05114, ES10196, GM15431, DK26657, and CA77839), and a Bourroughs Welcome Fund Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research (J.D.M.).

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ReviewIsoprostanes and related products of lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Section snippets

Lipid peroxidation and in vivo markers of oxidative damage

Lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases

Summary

Acknowledgements

J. Neurol. Sci.

Trends Mol. Med.

Neurosci. Lett.

Free Radic. Biol. Med.

Neurobiol. Aging

Neurobiol. Aging

Trends Neurosci.

Am. J. Pathol.

Free Radic. Biol. Med.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

Neurochem. Int.

Am. J. Pathol.

J. Biol. Chem.

The anemia of autonomic failure: evidence for sympathetic modulation of erythropoiesis in humans and reversal with recombinant erythropoietin

Ann. Intern. Med.

Novel antibodies to synuclein show abundant striatal pathology in Lewy body diseases

Ann. Neurol.

Discovery of lipid peroxidation products formed in vivo with a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring (isofurans) that are favored by increased oxygen tension

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Oxidative damage linked to neurodegeneration by selective alpha-synuclein nitration in synucleinopathy lesions

Science

Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease

Neurology

Elevated 4-hydroxynonenal in ventricular fluid in Alzheimer’s disease

Neurobiol. Aging

Increased oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease as assessed with 4-hydroxynonenal but not malondialdehyde

Q. J. Med.

Immunochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal adducts in Alzheimer’s disease is associated with APOE4

Am. J. Pathol.

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal pyrrole adducts in human neurodegenerative disease

J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.

Review
Isoprostanes and related products of lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases