Data for this review were identified by searches of Medline and references from relevant articles; numerous articles were identified through searches of the extensive files of the authors. Search terms were “nuclear medicine” and “infection imaging” and “inflammation imaging”, “Ga-67- citrate”, “In-111-oxin white blood cells”, “Tc-99m-labelled white blood cells”, “radiolabelled blood cells', “radiolabelled antigranulocyte antibodies”, “F-18-FDG and infection”, “F-18-FDG and inflammation”,
ReviewThe role of nuclear medicine in infection and inflammation
Section snippets
Biodistribution and uptake mechanism
Physiologically, 10–25% of67Ga citrate is excreted via the kidneys. The rest of the injected dose remains in the body and is equally distributed among the liver, bone and bone marrow, and soft tissues.6
Leucocytes at the site of inflammation or infection excrete some of their intracellular lactoferrin, which remains localised and bound to macrophages.67Ga citrate is transported either in ionic form or bound to transferrin, binds to the transferrin receptor (CD71), and may leak through the
Future prospects
The ideal new agent should provide high and early uptake in infectious foci and inflammatory tissue, show no accumulation in non-inflamed tissues, have low toxicity and display rapid background clearance. The current trend is towards smaller peptides, but it is possible that larger molecules will prove able to fulfil these criteria. It has been found that an IgM (925 kDa) antibody directed against the stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1, anti-CD15) has a sensitivity of 95% and a
Search strategy and selection criteria
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