Trends in Molecular Medicine
ReviewMesenchymal stem cells: building blocks for molecular medicine in the 21st century
Section snippets
The state of the art
In the late 1980s, the technique for isolating, purifying and mitotically expanding MSCs from marrow specimens of individuals of any age was optimized 25. With an expansion potential exceeding one billion-fold in culture 26, and the subsequent availability of large numbers of MSCs, studies were initiated to further characterize these cells and their response to various bioactive molecules. Although inductive agents that cause the entrance into and progression along individual lineage pathways
Tissue protection, repair and replacement
The surgical reconstruction of any tissue will require reparative cells and the appropriate scaffold to both introduce the cells into the wound site and support tissue specific biosynthetic events. Additionally, inductive and phenotype-specific growth factors and cytokines must sequentially interact with the implanted cells and their progeny to effectively consummate a tissue engineered reformation of functional tissue. Hybrid tissues, such as articular cartilage on a bed of subchondral bone,
Acknowledgements
We thank our colleagues at Case Western Reserve University, DePuy, and elsewhere for their encouragement and scientific stimulation. Supported in part by DePuy, Inc., and grants from National Institutes of Health.
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