Viruses in the treatment of brain tumors

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Background

The original descriptions of viruses were as disease-causing agents with restrictions for intracellular multiplication, whose size allows them to pass through ultrafine filters that retain even the smallest of bacteria [6]. More recent observations have created the image of viruses as mobile genetic elements enclosed most often by a protein capsid (and at times further enclosed by a lipid bilayer envelope) that is permissive of their movement from one cell to another. The viral genome encodes

Clinical strategy and trials: attenuated herpes simplex virus for selective lysis of malignant glioma cells

Not all antineoplastic applications for viruses have entailed their use as gene delivery agents. For over 90 years, the ability of viruses to instigate lytic infections has prompted research into their potential for selective lysis of tumor cells. The first published report of viral oncolysis, albeit following nonintentional exposure, dates back to 1912, when De Pace, an Italian gynecologist, observed spontaneous remission of cervical cancer in women who were immunized with a live attenuated

Summary

The grave outlook for malignant glioma patients in spite of improvements to current modalities has ushered in new approaches to therapy. Viruses have emerged on the scene and gained attention for their ability to play essentially two roles: first, as vectors for therapeutic gene delivery and second, as engineered infectious agents capable of selectively lysing tumor cells. To date, clinical brain tumor trials using viruses for gene delivery have employed retroviral or adenoviral vectors to

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Rita Rollins for her invaluable assistance with research and the Duke University Division of Medical Photography for its help with figures.

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