Clinical study
Absolute concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in normal, hypertrophied, and failing human myocardium measured noninvasively with 31P-SLOOP magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to measure absolute concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in normal, hypertrophied, and failing human heart.

Background

Conflicting evidence exists on the extent of changes of high-energy phosphate metabolites in hypertrophied and failing human heart. Previous reports using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have quantified metabolites in relative terms only. However, this analysis cannot detect simultaneous reductions.

Methods

Four groups of subjects (n = 10 each), were studied: volunteers and patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), aortic stenosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Left ventricular (LV) function and mass were measured by cine magnetic resonance imaging. Absolute and relative concentrations of PCr and ATP were determined by 31P-MRS with spatial localization with optimum pointspread function.

Results

Left ventricular ejection fraction remained normal in HHD and aortic stenosis, but was severely reduced to 18% in DCM; LV mass was increased by 55%, 79%, and 68% respectively. In volunteers, PCr and ATP concentrations were 8.82 ± 1.30 mmol/kg wet weight and 5.69 ± 1.02 mmol/kg wet weight, and the PCr/ATP ratio was 1.59 ± 0.33. High-energy phosphate levels were unaltered in HHD. In aortic stenosis, PCr was decreased by 28%, whereas ATP remained constant. In DCM, PCr was reduced by 51%, ATP by 35%, and reduction of the PCr/ATP ratio by 25% was of borderline significance (p = 0.06). Significant correlations were observed among energetic and functional variables, with the closest relations for PCr.

Conclusions

In human heart failure due to DCM, both PCr and ATP are significantly reduced. Ratios of PCr to ATP underestimate changes of high-energy phosphate levels.

Abbreviations

ATP
adenosine triphosphate
AVD
aortic valve disease
DCM
dilated cardiomyopathy
EDV
end-diastolic volume
EF
ejection fraction
ESV
end-systolic volume
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
LV
left ventricle/ventricular
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NYHA
New York Heart Association
PCr
phosphocreatine
31P-MRS
phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy
SLOOP
spatial localization with optimum pointspread function

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Supported by a grant from the Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Universität Würzburg, part F2 (01 KS 9603) and by the British Heart Foundation.