Structure, Function, and Regulation of Androgen-Binding Protein/Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Section snippets
INTRODUCTION
After speculation for many years about the presence of circulating sex steroid-binding proteins, specific androgen- and estrogen-binding proteins in the human plasma β-globulin fraction were first described by Mercier et al. (1966), Rosner et al. (1966), Pearlman and Crépy (1967), Rosner and Deakins (1968), Kato and Horton (1968), and Vermeulen and Verdonck (1968). Subsequent studies showed that the two activities were characteristics of the same protein, which was found to bind DHT,
SPECIEDSI STRIBUTION
SHBG has been identified in the plasma of numerous species, including humans, nonhuman primates, and numerous other mammals. A comprehensive list of species (with references) that do and do not have SHBG has been reviewed by Westphal (1986) and Petra (1991). It appears to be absent in several mammalian species, including the adult rats and mice (males and females), guinea pigs and pigs (Corvol and Bardin, 1973, Wenn et al., 1977, Stupnicki and Bartke, 1976, Lea and Støa, 1972). However, male
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT
Numerous assays have been used to quantitate the binding of labeled sex steroids (Englebienne, 1984). The various assays were discussed and evaluated during the First International Symposium on Steroid Hormone-Binding Proteins (Hiramatsu et al., 1986, Heyns, 1986, Hammond, 1986, Rosner, 1986, Petra, 1986, Degrelle, 1986, Gunsalus et al., 1986). The methods include the use of semipermeable membranes (equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration), electrophoresis, column chromatography, absorption to
ABP: A MARKER OF SERTOLI CELL FUNCTION
Spermatogenesis is primarily regulated by the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules (Bardin et al., 1988, Griswold et al., 1988, Russel and Griswold, 1993). High concentrations of androgens produced by the interstitial Leydig cells and other paracrine factors from germ cells, Leydig cells, and peritubular cells are required for Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis (Skinner and Fritz, 1985, Mather et al., 1983). Because Sertoli cells contain nuclear androgen receptors, androgen action
STRUCTURE AND TRANSCRIPTION
To date, the rat, mouse, and human ABP/SHBG genes have been mapped; each species clearly contains a single gene. The mouse and rat ABP/SHBG genes (Shbg locus) were localized to chromosomes 11 and 10, respectively (Joseph et al., 1991, Sullivan et al., 1991). The chromosomal location of each gene was determined by analysis of restriction endonuclease polymorphisms of DNA from interspecies cell hybrids. Mouse progeny from an intersubspecies backcross were analyzed to position Shbg in the middle
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank William Rosner and Benjamin Danzo for their evaluation of the review and helpful suggestions. I also thank Meg Hollowbush for help with typing and organizing the references and Robert Winston for his help in the library.
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Cited by (188)
Sex hormone–binding globulin: biomarker and hepatokine?
2021, Trends in Endocrinology and MetabolismCitation Excerpt :Since its discovery by Mercier et al. in 1966 [1], sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) has been viewed as the principal protein that binds circulating sex hormones with high affinity, primarily 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17-beta-estradiol [2,3].
Sex hormone-binding globulin overexpression protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity in transgenic male mice
2020, Journal of Nutritional BiochemistryCitation Excerpt :The SHBG-C57BL/ksJ-db/db mouse model was created by crossing the human SHBG transgenic mice with the C57BL/ksJ-db/dbto study SHBG expression and regulation during obesity development as well as its role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes [7]. The main reason was that rodents unlike humans do not express the SHBG gene in their livers [8–13] and therefore do not have SHBG in their bloods [14], only new world monkeys and chimpanzees have the same exact gene structure of humans in terms of promoters and footprint regions [15]. In the last few years using this mouse model and the human SHBG transgenic mice, as well as HepG2 cells and human liver biopsies we have been able to determine that SHBG expression is downregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and increased hepatic lipogenesis while is upregulated by adiponectin, olive oil and resveratrol [7,16–22].
Influence of Sex Hormones on the Relationship Between Body Fat and Glycated Albumin Levels
2020, Journal of Sexual MedicineBioaccumulation and transfer characteristics of dechlorane plus in human adipose tissue and blood stream and the underlying mechanisms
2020, Science of the Total EnvironmentAn active and selective molecular mechanism mediating the uptake of sex steroids by prostate cancer cells
2018, Molecular and Cellular EndocrinologySex hormone binding globulin: Expression throughout early development and adult pejerrey fish, Odontesthes bonariensis
2017, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :The initial characterization of pejerrey shbg mRNA from hepatopancreas shows single bands of the expected size using different primers and no clear evidence of alternative spliced variants were observed. These data, together with the lack of reports of shbg alternative variants in fish, suggest the absence of shbg alternative splicing in this species, contrary to what has been reported in mammals (Joseph, 1994; Hammond et al., 1989; Selva et al., 2005; Nakhla et al., 2009; Pinós et al., 2009). In teleosts, sex steroids play important roles in the gonadal differentiation process (Nakamura, 2010; Tokarz et al., 2015).