Metabolism of 99mTc-l,l-Ethyl cysteinate dimer in healthy volunteers
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Cited by (76)
Persistent brain damage in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome on <sup>99m</sup>Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography: A long-term observational study
2022, Journal of the Neurological SciencesCitation Excerpt :There are three representative SPECT tracers: 99mTc-ECD, N-isopropyl-123I-ρ-iodoamphetamine, and 99mTc-d, l-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime [20,21]. Although all these tracers share a common hydrophobic nature, 99mTc-ECD differs from the other tracers in that it is converted to its hydrophilic form just after passing through the BBB and entering the brain tissue [22]. Furthermore, 99mTc-ECD is retained for a certain period in normal brain tissue with an intact BBB and is washed out immediately in the case of a damaged BBB or brain tissue [23].
Quantitation of rat cerebral blood flow using <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HMPAO
2017, Nuclear Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :Two 99mTc-labeled tracers, Tc-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-exametazime, 99mTc-HMPAO) and Tc-99m-L,L-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD), are frequently used for clinical CBF assessment. After intravenous injection of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD, they are taken up by the brain, distributed according to regional CBF and converted to hydrophilic forms, which are retained for long time in the brain [5,6]. Conversion of 99mTc-ECD to hydrophilic forms is accomplished via ester hydrolysis by esterase [7].
Peri-ictal single-photon emission computed tomography: Principles and applications in epilepsy evaluation
2012, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :This prevented prompt injection of 99mTc-HMPAO during the ictal period and has resulted in most injections being conducted during the postictal period. 99mTc-labeled ethyl cysteinate diethylester (99mTc-ECD) was later developed as a preconstituted stable radiotracer, ready for immediate injection when a seizure occurs (Walovitch et al., 1991). Thus, 99mTc-ECD can be injected more quickly after seizure onset than 99mTc-HMPAO (O'Brien et al., 1999a).
Development and biological evaluation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-BAT-tropane esters
2005, Nuclear Medicine and BiologySubtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI for seizure focus localization in partial epilepsy
2000, Mayo Clinic ProceedingsCitation Excerpt :However, ETLE is less well understood, and the new localizing techniques such as ictal SPECT and SISCOM have the potential to be of most value in these patients. First reported in 1988 by Cheesman et al44 and by Walovitch et al,45,46 99mTc-ECD was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 for stroke imaging. However, because of ECD's greater chemical stability compared with HMPAO,99mTc-ECD quickly became used for seizure imaging and other physician-directed applications.47–50