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Serotonin and molecular neuroimaging in humans using PET

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Abstract

The serotonergic system is one of the most important modulatory neurotransmitter systems in the human brain. It plays a central role in major physiological processes and is implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders. Along with the dopaminergic system, it is also one of the phylogenetically oldest human neurotransmitter systems and one of the most diverse, with 14 different receptors identified up to this day, many of whose function remains to be understood. The system’s functioning is even more diverse than the number of its receptors, since each is implicated in a number of different processes. This review aims at illustrating the distribution and summarizing the main functions of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin, 5-HT) receptors as well as the serotonin transporter (SERT, 5-HTT), the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, monoamine oxidase type A and 5-HT synthesis in the human brain. Recent advances in in vivo quantification of these different receptors and enzymes that are part of the serotonergic system using positron emission tomography are described.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Alexander Neumeister, Assoc. Prof., Mount Sinai School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, who provided 5-HT1B data for the figure. We thank the medical and technical teams of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S. Kasper, C. Spindelegger, P. Stein, M. Fink, U. Moser, E. Akimova, A. Hahn) and the PET Center at the Department of Nuclear Medicine (W. Wadsak, M. Mitterhauser, K. Kletter, R. Dudczak, G. Karanikas, L.-K. Mien, D. Häusler).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Anne Saulin, Markus Savli & Rupert Lanzenberger

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  1. Anne Saulin
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Correspondence to Rupert Lanzenberger.

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Saulin, A., Savli, M. & Lanzenberger, R. Serotonin and molecular neuroimaging in humans using PET. Amino Acids 42, 2039–2057 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-1078-9

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