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CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters

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  • Guest Editor: Matthias A. Hediger
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Abstract

The SLC7 family is divided into two subgroups, the cationic amino acid transporters (the CAT family, SLC7A1–4) and the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporters (the gpaAT family, SLC7A5–11), also called light chains or catalytic chains of the hetero(di)meric amino acid transporters (HAT). The associated glycoproteins (heavy chains) 4F2hc (CD98) or rBAT (D2, NBAT) form the SLC3 family. Members of the CAT family transport essentially cationic amino acids by facilitated diffusion with differential trans-stimulation by intracellular substrates. In some cells, they may regulate the rate of NO synthesis by controlling the uptake of l-arginine as the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The heterodimeric amino acid transporters are, in contrast, quite diverse in terms of substrate selectivity and function (mostly) as obligatory exchangers. Their selectivity ranges from large neutral amino acids (system L) to small neutral amino acids (ala, ser, cys-preferring, system asc), negatively charged amino acid (system xc −) and cationic amino acids plus neutral amino acids (system y+L and b0,+-like). Cotransport of Na+ is observed only for the y+L transporters when they carry neutral amino acids. Mutations in b0,+-like and y+L transporters lead to the hereditary diseases cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The laboratory of FV is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 31-59141.99. The laboratory of MP is supported by the Spanish Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica Research Grant PM 99/0172 and by the support of the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain). The laboratory of EIC is supported by grants Cl 100/3-4 and the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 553 (project B4) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany.

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  1. Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    François Verrey & Carsten A. Wagner

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Ellen I. Closs

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Manuel Palacin

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Hitoshi Endou & Yoshikatsu Kanai

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  1. François Verrey
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Correspondence to François Verrey.

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Verrey, F., Closs, E.I., Wagner, C.A. et al. CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 447, 532–542 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-003-1086-z

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