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Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease

  • Review Article
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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has transformed from an interfering tissue in oncological 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to an independent imaging research field. This review takes the perspective from the imaging methodology on which human BAT research has come to rely on heavily.

Methods

This review analyses relevant PubMed-indexed publications that discuss molecular imaging methods of BAT. In addition, reported links between BAT and human diseases such as obesity are discussed, and the possibilities for imaging in these fields are highlighted. Radiopharmaceuticals aiming at several different biological mechanisms of BAT are discussed and evaluated.

Results

Prospective, dedicated studies allow visualization of BAT function in a high percentage of human subjects. BAT dysfunction has been implicated in obesity, linked with diabetes and associated with cachexia and atherosclerosis. Presently, 18F-FDG PET/CT is the most useful tool for evaluating therapies aiming at BAT activity. In addition to 18F-FDG, other radiopharmaceuticals such as 99mTc-sestamibi, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), 18F-fluorodopa and 18F-14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) may have a potential for visualizing other aspects of BAT activity. MRI methods are under continuous development and provide the prospect of functional imaging without ionizing radiation.

Conclusion

Molecular imaging of BAT can be used to quantitatively assess different aspects of BAT metabolic activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to convey their thanks to Ivo Pooters, Marielle Visser and Emiel Beijer for their technical support. We are also grateful to Anouk van der Lans, Maarten Vosselman and Guy Vijgen for providing exemplary PET/CT images.

Conflicts of interest

This work was financially supported by a grant from the Weijerhorst foundation to the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Maastricht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands

    Matthias Bauwens, Roel Wierts, Jan Bucerius, Felix Mottaghy & Boudewijn Brans

  2. Research School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

    Matthias Bauwens

  3. Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands

    Bart van Royen & Walter Backes

  4. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Uniklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Jan Bucerius & Felix Mottaghy

  5. Research School CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

    Jan Bucerius

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  1. Matthias Bauwens
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Correspondence to Boudewijn Brans.

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Bauwens, M., Wierts, R., van Royen, B. et al. Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41, 776–791 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2611-8

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