Abstract
Purpose
11C-Hydroxyephedrine (HED) and radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I/131I-MIBG) are catecholamine analogue tracers for sympathetic nerve positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography (PET/SPECT) imaging. In contrast to humans, rat hearts demonstrate high nonneural catecholamine uptake-2 in addition to neural uptake-1, the contributions of which to tracer accumulation are not fully elucidated.
Methods
Wistar rats were studied using the following pretreatments: uptake-1 blockade with desipramine 2 mg/kg IV, both uptake-1 and -2 blockade with phenoxybenzamine 50 mg/kg IV, or control with saline IV. HED or 123I-MIBG was injected 10 min after pretreatment, and rats were sacrificed 10 min later. Heart to blood tissue count ratio (H/B ratio) was obtained using a gamma counter. To determine regional tracer uptake, dual-tracer autoradiography was performed with HED and 131I-MIBG in Wistar rats with chronic infarction by transient coronary occlusion and reperfusion and in healthy control rats. Local tracer distributions were analyzed, and the infarcted rats’ local tracer distributions were compared with histology.
Results
The H/B ratios in control hearts were 34.4 ± 1.7 and 25.5 ± 2.1 for HED and 123I-MIBG, respectively. Desipramine led to a significant decrease in HED (3.2 ± 0.5, p < 0.0001), while there was no change in 123I-MIBG (25.5 ± 6.4, p = n.s.). Phenoxybenzamine led to a significant decrease in both HED and 123I-MIBG (3.5 ± 0.02, 4.3 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001). Only HED showed a subepicardium-subendocardium gradient in healthy control hearts which is consistent with physiological innervation, while 131I-MIBG was evenly distributed throughout the myocardium. 131I-MIBG uptake defect closely matched the scar area determined by histology [3.8 ± 2.3 % (131I-MIBG defect) vs 4.0 ± 2.4 % (scar)]. However, the scar area was clearly exceeded by the HED uptake defect (9.1 ± 2.2 %, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
HED uptake showed high specificity to neural uptake-1 in rat hearts. On the other hand, 123I/131I-MIBG demonstrated distinct characters of regional tracer distribution and uptake mechanism that are compatible with significant contribution of nonneural uptake-2.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Jennifer Merrill, Paige Finley, Jim Engles, James Fox and Gilbert Green for their excellent research assistance, and for the appreciated work of Daniel P. Holt and the whole cyclotron team. Also, we would like to thank Gola Javadi for her careful editorial assistance. This project was supported in part by an Investigator Initiated Grant (IIG) from GE Healthcare to TH and FB and by the National Institutes of Health grant 1RO1HL092985.
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Rischpler, C., Fukushima, K., Isoda, T. et al. Discrepant uptake of the radiolabeled norepinephrine analogues hydroxyephedrine (HED) and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in rat hearts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 40, 1077–1083 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2393-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2393-z