Abstract
Purpose
The success of 68Ga-labeled peptides for positron emission tomography of neuroendocrine tumors is mainly depending on the complex chemistry of this radioisotope. 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), the chelator of choice has however limitations if its application is expanded to heat-sensitive proteins. Recombinant antibodies like single chain Fv or diabodies belong to this class of proteins. They are suited to provide imaging contrast despite the short-lived 68Ga because of their rapid blood clearances and nanomolar affinities. The heterobifunctional agent N,N′-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) was chosen as an alternative ligand because this agent is complexing [68Ga]Ga3+ much faster than DOTA at ambient temperatures.
Materials and methods
A versatile technology for HBED-CC conjugation of proteins and 68Ga-labeling has been developed. This included HBED-CC–tetrafluorophenol (TFP) ester synthesis, coupling to the antibody at various pH and complexation reactions performed in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer under different conditions.
Results
The synthesis of the monoreactive 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenolate of HBED-CC at a carboxyl group not participating in complex formation used [Fe(HBED-CC)]− for ester formation. The removal of Fe3+ from purified (HBED-CC)TFP ester was achieved with RP18 cartridge technology. The conjugation chemistry was performed with mAb425 which binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This protein was used for optimizing purposes only. The influence of complexation parameters like temperature, pH, reaction time, and HBED-CC/antibody ratio on the biological activity of this model antibody was investigated. Furthermore, the outcome of this labeling procedure on the biological activity of a recombinant diabody (50 kDa) was studied.
Conclusion
It is known that small HBED-CC/antibody ratios are prerequisites for minimal interference of labels with antigen-binding domains. Here, the coupling of about one HBED-CC per antibody proved to be sufficient for efficient 68Ga labeling, pointing to the successful application of 68Ga for molecular imaging with small recombinant proteins.
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Acknowledgment
This work was made possible by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. including a grant for M. Eder. The mAb425 was kindly provided by Dr. S. Matzku (†) (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). High-precision MS was performed by Dr. W.-D. Lehmann from the Department of Spectroscopy at the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. All experiments comply with the current laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. There is no other financial relationship of the authors with the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. as stated above (Grant for M. Eder).
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Eder, M., Wängler, B., Knackmuss, S. et al. Tetrafluorophenolate of HBED-CC: a versatile conjugation agent for 68Ga-labeled small recombinant antibodies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35, 1878–1886 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0816-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0816-z