References
Horsman MR, Overgaard J. The oxygen effect and tumour microenvironment. In: Steel GG, editor. Basic clinical radiobiology. London: Arnold; 2002; p. 158–68.
Graeber TG, Osmanian C, Jacks T, Housman DE, Koch CJ, Lowe SW, et al. Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature 1996;379:88–91.
McCalla DR, Reuvers A, Kaiser C. Mode of action of nitrofurazone. J Bacteriol 1970;104:1126–34.
Rischin D, Hicks RJ, Fisher R, Binns D, Corry J, Porceddu S, et al. Prognostic significance of 18F-misonidazole PET-detected tumor hypoxia in patients with advanced head and neck cancer randomly assigned to chemoradiation with or without tirapazamine: a substudy of Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group study 98.02. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2098–104.
Thorwarth D, Eschmann SM, Paulsen F, Alber M. Hypoxia dose painting by numbers: a planning study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;68:291–300.
Chapman JD. Hypoxic sensitizers—implications for radiation therapy. N Engl J Med 1979;301:1429–32.
Bentzen SM. Theragnostic imaging for radiation oncology: dose-painting by numbers. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:112–7.
Rasey JS, Koh WJ, Evans ML, Peterson LM, Lewellen TK, Graham MM, et al. Quantifying regional hypoxia in human tumors with positron emission tomography of [18F]fluoromisonidazole: a pretherapy study of 37 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:417–28.
Kubota K, Tada M, Yamada S, Hori K, Saito S, Iwata R, et al. Comparison of the distribution of fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole, deoxyglucose and methionine in tumour tissue. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:750–7.
Yang DJ, Wallace S, Cherif A, Li C, Gretzer MB, Kim EE, et al. Development of F-18-labeled fluoroerythronitroimidazole as a PET agent for imaging tumor hypoxia. Radiology 1995;194:795–800.
Grönroos T, Eskola O, Lehtiö K, Minn H, Marjamäki P, Bergman J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole: a potential hypoxia marker for PET. J Nucl Med 2001;42:1397–404.
Rasey JS, Hofstrand PD, Chin LK, Tewson TJ. Characterization of [18F]fluoroetanidazole, a new radiopharmaceutical for detecting tumor hypoxia. J Nucl Med 1999;40:1072–9.
Sorger D, Patt M, Kumar P, Wiebe LI, Barthel H, Seese A, et al. [18F]fluoroazomycinarabinofuranoside (18FAZA) and [18F]fluoromisonidazole (18FMISO): a comparative study of their selective uptake in hypoxic cells and PET imaging in experimental rat tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2003;30:317–26.
Piert M, Machulla HJ, Picchio M, Reischl G, Ziegler S, Kumar P, et al. Hypoxia-specific tumor imaging with 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside. J Nucl Med 2005;46:106–13.
Mahy P, De Bast M, Gillart J, Labar D, Gregoire V. Detection of tumour hypoxia: comparison between EF5 adducts and [18F]EF3 uptake on an individual mouse tumour basis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006;33:553–6.
Dolbier WR, Li AR, Koch CJ, Shiue CY, Kachur AV. [18F]-EF5, a marker for PET detection of hypoxia: synthesis of precursor and a new fluorination procedure. Appl Radiat Isot 2001;54:73–80.
Ziemer LS, Evans SM, Kachur AV, Shuman AL, Cardi CA, Jenkins WT, et al. Noninvasive imaging of tumor hypoxia in rats using the 2-nitroimidazole 18F-EF5. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:259–66.
Lehtiö K, Oikonen V, Grönroos T, Eskola O, Kalliokoski K, Bergman J, et al. Imaging of blood flow and hypoxia in head and neck cancer: initial evaluation with [15O]H2O and [18F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole PET. J Nucl Med 2001;42:1643–52.
Lehtiö K, Eskola O, Viljanen T, Oikonen V, Grönroos T, Sillanmäki L, et al. Imaging perfusion and hypoxia with PET to predict radiotherapy response in head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;59:971–82.
Grönroos T, Bentzen L, Marjamäki P, Murata R, Horsman MR, Keiding S, et al. Comparison of the biodistribution of two hypoxia markers [18F]FETNIM and [18F]FMISO in an experimental mammary carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:513–20.
Souvatzoglou M, Grosu AL, Krause BJ, Beck R, Reischl G, Picchio M, et al. Tumour hypoxia imaging with [18F]FAZA PET in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; DOI 10.1007/s00259-007-0424-3.
Stypinski D, McQuarrie SA, Wiebe LI, Tam YK, Mercer JR, McEwan AJ. Dosimetry estimations for 123I-IAZA in healthy volunteers. J Nucl Med 2001;42:1418–23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This editorial commentary refers to the article http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-424-3.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grönroos, T., Minn, H. Imaging of tumour hypoxia using PET and 18F-labelled tracers: biology meets technology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34, 1563–1565 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-0487-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-0487-1