Recent Bacteria-Specific Radiotracers
| Tracer | Mechanism | Target bacterial pathogen | Pathogens tested in vivo (CFUsadministered) | Maximum infection-to-inflammation ratio | Stage (published reports) |
| 18F-FPTMP | Inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase | G+, G− | E. coli (106–108) | ∼3 (108 E. coli CFU) | Preclinical |
| S. aureus (108) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (107) | |||||
| 18F-FAG | Bacterial cell wall | G+, G− | E. coli (107) | ∼2 | Preclinical |
| 18F-maltohexaose | Maltodextrin transporter | G+, G− | E. coli (105–109) | 7 (109 CFU) | Preclinical |
| 18F-fluoro-maltose | Maltodextrin transporter | G+, G− | E. coli (108) | 1.3 | Preclinical |
| 18F-fluoro-maltotriose | Maltodextrin transporter | G+, G− | E. coli (106-108) | 3.4 (108 E. coli CFU) | Preclinical |
| L. monocytogenes (2 × 105) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (106) | |||||
| S. aureus | |||||
| 18F-FDS | Bacterial energy consumption | G−* | E. coli (107) | 7.3 (E. coli) | Clinical |
| S. aureus (107–108) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (106.5) | |||||
| 11C-PABA | Folic acid biosynthesis | G+, G− | E. coli | 2.6 | Clinical |
| 18F-PABA | Folic acid biosynthesis | G+, G− | S. aureus (107–108) | 7.95 (108) | Preclinical |
| 11C-d-Met | Bacterial cell wall | G+, G− | E. coli | 2 | Clinical |
| S. aureus | |||||
| 11C-d-Ala | Bacterial cell wall | G+, G− | E. coli (5 × 106) | 3.5 (S. aureus) | Preclinical |
| S. aureus (5 × 106) | |||||
| P. aeruginosa (2 × 106) |
↵* Enterobacteriaceae.
CFU = colony forming units; 18F-FPTMP = 18F-fluoropropyl-trimethoprim; G+ = Gram-positive bacteria; G− = Gram-negative bacteria; 18F-FAG = 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoroacetamido-d-glucopyranose; 18F-FDS = 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluorosorbitol; 11C-d-Met = d-methyl-11C-methionine.