Summary of Neuroimaging Findings in CRCI Studies
| Study | Imaging | Chemotherapeutic drugs used | Main findings |
| (15) | 15O-water PET and 18F-FDG PET | Cytotoxic chemotherapy* and tamoxifen therapy* | Increased activation in prefrontal cortex and cerebellum during short-term memory recall task in chemotherapy patients; decreased prefrontal cortex resting metabolism correlating with decreased short-term memory; decreased basal ganglia resting metabolism in tamoxifen + chemotherapy breast cancer patients compared with only chemotherapy or no chemotherapy |
| (16) | 18F-FDG PET/CT | Systemic CHT* | Early-high-chemotherapy group had decreased metabolism of prefrontal cortex, white matter, cerebellum, posterior medial cortices, and limbic regions compared with no-chemotherapy group; early-high-chemotherapy group had decreased metabolism of right temporal and prefrontal cortex compared with late-low-chemotherapy group; number of cycles negatively correlated with rate of metabolism in these regions; postchemotherapy time positively correlated with rate of metabolism in these regions |
| (17) | 18F-FDG PET/CT | CHT* | Decreased metabolism in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, medial cortex, and limbic regions in chemotherapy group; metabolism of these regions correlated negatively with number of cycles and positively with postchemotherapy time; poorer performance in many frontal functions in chemotherapy group |
| (18) | 18F-FDG PET/CT | ABVD | Increased metabolism in right angular gyrus (Brodmann area 39) and decreased activity in prefrontal cortex bilaterally on interim PET |
| (19) | 18F-FDG PET/CT | Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy | Decreased metabolism bilaterally in basal ganglia and occipital lobes, even after termination of anticancer therapy; relative metabolic recovery bilaterally in occipital lobes and further bilateral deterioration in basal ganglia; increased right prefrontal cortex metabolism during therapy and at end of therapy |
| (20) | 18F-FDG PET | CHT group: conventional standard-dose chemotherapy*; HL patients: hydroxydaunorubicin ABVD; NHL patients: R-CHOP; NHL second-line: CNOP, VACOP, and EPOCH; corticosteroids and immunotherapy | Prefrontal-cerebellar system metabolism decreased in chemotherapy group |
| (21) | 18F-FDG PET | Carboplatin/paclitaxel, carboplatin/gemcitabine/bevacizumab, cisplatin/etoposide, cisplatin/gemcitabine, cisplatin/vinorelbine tartrate, pemetrexed, and carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab | Mean overall metabolic decrease of 22% in all gray matter structures; chemotherapy associated with decreased metabolism in paraventricular and subcortical white matter tracts, corpus callosum, and cerebellar white matter; most profound decreased metabolism in frontal cortex and olfactory gyri bilaterally |
| (22) | 18F-FDG PET | Chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone replacement therapy | Bilaterally increased activity in anterior medial temporal, left posterior medial temporal, and cerebellar regions; decrease in Broca area activity after aromatase inhibition therapy; greatest increase in metabolism in right medial temporal lobe |
| (23) | 18F-FDG PET | Chemotherapy, chemoradiation therapy, and standard multiagent regimens using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil or doxorubicin | Decreased metabolism in orbital frontal regions in breast cancer survivors compared with healthy controls; right substantia nigra most profoundly affected in tamoxifen-treated patients; treated patients showed increased metabolism in left postcentral gyrus and corpus callosum |
↵* Not further detailed.
CHT = chemohormonal therapy; ABVD = doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine; HL = Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL = non-Hodgkin lymphoma; R-CHOP = rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (or prednisolone); CNOP = cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone; VACOP = vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone; EPOCH = etoposide phosphate, prednisone, vincristine sulfate, cyclophosphamide, and hydroxydaunorubicin.