TABLE 1

Hybrid Tracers Applied for Surgical Guidance in Clinical Setting

Tracer	Application	Parental tracer	Year of first clinical implementation	No. of patients	Clinical routine?
ICG-^99mTc-nanocoloid (4,19–21)	Sentinel node imaging, radioguided occult lesion localization, tumor margin delineation	^99mTc-nanocolloid (head-to-head reproducibility study performed (28)	2009	>1,500	Yes
¹³¹I-fluorescein (3)	Brain tumor identification	Fluorescein	1950	104	No
Cerenkov (18)	Rectal cancer identification, head and neck cancer, melanoma	¹⁸F-FDG	2014	>60^*	No
¹¹¹In-DOTA-girentuximab-IRDye800CW (37)	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma identification	PET tracer girentuximab	2018	15	No
⁶⁸Ga-IRDye800CW-BBN (38)	Glioblastoma multiforme identification	Radiolabeled BBN	2018	14	No
¹²⁵I-methylene blue (17)	Sentinel lymph node biopsy; parathyroid adenoma identification	Methylene blue	2007	12	No
¹²³I-methylene blue (2)			1972	5	No
FITC-¹²⁵I-CEA-mAb (39)	Colorectal carcinoma	Radiolabeled CEA-mAb	1992	6	No
¹²⁴I-cRGDY-PEG-C (40)	Metastatic melanoma identification	cRGDY-PEG-C^†	2014	5	No

↵* Number was provided in oral communication with Jan Grimm during the World Molecular Imaging Congress 2019.
↵† Not clinically used.
IRDye800CW = infrared dye 800CW; BBN = bombesin; FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate; CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; mAb = monoclonal antibody.