TABLE 1

Baseline Demographic Characteristics and Changes in Cognitive Function

Characteristic	CU−	CU+	MCI+	DEM+
n	45	7	31	24
Baseline age (y)	66.8 ± 9.7	71.7 ± 4.2	73.2 ± 7.3^*	73.3 ± 8.9^*
Sex (n)
M	18	3	18	4
F	27	4	13	20^†
Education (y)	12.2 ± 5.0	13.0 ± 4.1	11.9 ± 4.9	9.5 ± 5.7
Duration (y)	NA	NA	2.8 ± 1.4	3.8 ± 1.3^†
ApoE (n)
ε4+	8 (18%)	2 (29%)	16 (52%)	17 (71%)
ε4−	37	5	15	7
Interval^‡ (mo)	24.7 ± 1.4	24.4 ± 1.9	23.7 ± 1.1^*	23.1 ± 1.4^*
Baseline centiloid	9.1 ± 11.2	81.4 ± 46.4^*	79.7 ± 40.8^*	110.6 ± 36.7^*^†
MMSE
Baseline	28.2 ± 1.8	28.1 ± 2.1	25.2 ± 3.2^*	19.1 ± 4.5^*^†^¶
Follow-up	27.1 ± 3.3^§	27.3 ± 2.9	22.2 ± 5.0^*^¶^§	15.7 ± 5.2^*^†^¶^§
CDR-SB
Baseline	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.9^*^¶	4.8 ± 1.8^*^†^¶
Follow-up	1.3 ± 3.0^§	0.7 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.9^*^§	7.0 ± 3.0^*^†^¶^§
DS-BW
Baseline	4.1 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 1.5	2.8 ± 1.3
Follow-up	4.2 ± 1.3	3.4 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 1.4	2.4 ± 1.5^*^†
BNT
Baseline	50.2 ± 7.7	48.7 ± 3.0	42.1 ± 8.2^*	34.3 ± 11.5^*^¶
Follow-up	49.2 ± 8.3	48.3 ± 5.7	39.5 ± 9.4^*^§	26.2 ± 10.2^*^†^¶^§
RCFT
Baseline	32.9 ± 4.7	34.0 ± 2.0	30.4 ± 6.8	22.7 ± 10.7^*^†^¶
Follow-up	31.4 ± 5.7^§	33.0 ± 2.7	28.6 ± 7.5	18.8 ± 11.3^*^†^¶
SVLT-DR
Baseline	6.6 ± 2.5	6.0 ± 2.2	1.4 ± 2.2^*^¶	0.8 ± 2.1^*^¶
Follow-up	5.5 ± 2.4^§	4.6 ± 3.2	1.5 ± 2.4^*^¶	0.3 ± 1.1^*^¶
RCFT-DR
Baseline	16.0 ± 7.3	15.5 ± 5.3	6.5 ± 5.7^*^¶	2.1 ± 3.7^*^¶
Follow-up	16.0 ± 8.4	15.5 ± 6.9	4.2 ± 6.1^*^¶^§	0.7 ± 1.9^*^¶
COWAT
Baseline	16.2 ± 4.4	15.3 ± 6.1	13.1 ± 4.9	8.6 ± 4.1^*^†^¶
Follow-up	15.7 ± 4.2	14.7 ± 6.4	12.4 ± 5.3^*	7.0 ± 4.0^*^†^¶

↵* P < 0.05 for comparisons between CU− and each group.
↵† P < 0.05 for comparisons between MCI+ and DEM+ groups.
↵‡ From baseline to follow-up.
↵¶ P < 0.05 for comparisons between CU+ and MCI/DEM+ groups.
↵§ P < 0.05 for significant changes between baseline and follow-up.
CDR-SB = Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; DS-BW = Digit Span Backward; BNT = Boston Naming Test; RCFT = Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; SVLT-DR = Seoul Verbal Learning Test–Delayed Recall; RCFT-DR = Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test–Delayed Recall; COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test–Semantics; NA = not applicable or not available.
Qualitative data are expressed as numbers; continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.