Results of Early Postoperative 18F-FET PET and MRI in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Central Nervous System Tumor Surgery
| Postoperative assessment of residual tumor sites (no. sites) | ||||||||||
| Patient no. | Sex/age (y) | Diagnosis | WHO grade | Location | MRI | PET/MRI (TBRmax) | TBRmax in reactive changes | Impact of PET | Final assessment of residual tumor (n) | Follow-up (mo) |
| 1 | F/13/14* | DMG | IV | Central | 1 (−CE) | None† | 1.8 | None | 1 (−CE) | RCT. Distant recurrence (4) |
| DMG | IV | Fossa posterior | 1 (+CE) | 1 (3.1) | 2.6 | None | 1 (+CE) | RT. Death (3) | ||
| 2 | F/11 | AT/RT | IV | Frontotemporal | None | None | 1.9 | C | None | RCT. Distant recurrence (6). Death (8) |
| 3 | M/3/3* | AT/RT | IV | Intraventricular | 1 (+CE) | 2 (2.3/1.8) | 1.8 | A | 2 (+CE) | Reoperation |
| AT/RT | IV | Intraventricular | None | None | <1.6 | C | None | RCT. Stable (32) | ||
| 4 | F/9/10* | HGNET | IV | Temporoparietal | None | None | 2.0 | None | None | RT. Distant recurrence (15) |
| HGNET | IV | Parietal lobe | None | None | <1.6 | None | None | RT. Stable (15) | ||
| 5 | M/15 | NG | IV | Pineal body | None | None | 1.9 | C | None | RCT. Stable (30) |
| 6 | F/14/14* | Anaplastic PA | — | Fossa posterior | None | None† | 1.8 | None | None | Local recurrence (6) |
| Anaplastic PA | — | Fossa posterior | None† | 1 (1.8) | 2.2 | B | 1 (+CE) | RT. Stable (20) | ||
| 7 | F/14 | Anaplastic PA | — | Central | 1 (+CE) | 1 (2.2) | <1.6 | C | 1 (+CE) | RCT |
| 8 | M/6/6* | Ep | II | Fossa posterior | 2 (+CE/+CE) | 1 (2.2) | 2.1 | B | 1 (+CE) | Reoperation |
| Ep | II | Fossa posterior | None | None | <1.6 | C | None | RCT. Stable (34) | ||
| 9 | F/6 | JXG | — | Frontal lobe | 1 (+CE) | 1 (2.1) | 2.2 | D | 1 (+CE) | CT. Regression (24) |
| 10 | F/8 | PXA | II | Temporal lobe | 2 (+CE/+CE)† | 1 (2.0)† | 2.0 | None | 1 (+CE) | Stable (24) |
| 11 | M/0 | PP | II | Intraventricular | None | None | <1.6 | None | None | Stable (12) |
| 12 | F/8 | Atypical GG | I-II | Parietooccipital | 1 (+CE) | None | 1.8 | None | 1 (+CE) | Stable (24) |
| 13 | F/10 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | None | None | <1.6 | None | None | Local recurrence (9) |
| 14 | F/8 | PA | I | Temporal lobe | 1 (+CE) | None | <1.6 | B | None | Stable (9) |
| 15 | F/4 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | 1 (+CE) | 1 (2.3) | <1.6 | None | 1 (+CE) | Stable (36) |
| 16 | M/15 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | 2 (−CE/+CE) | None | <1.6 | B | 1 (−CE) | Stable (36) |
| 17 | F/10 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | 1 (+CE) | 1 (2.0) | <1.6 | None | 1 (+CE) | Local recurrence. Reoperation (32) |
| 18 | M/7 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | None | None | <1.6 | None | 1 (−CE) | Stable (12) |
| 19 | M/7 | PA | I | Fossa posterior | None | None | 1.8 | None | None | Stable (9) |
| 20 | F/14 | GG | I | Temporal lobe | 1 (+CE) | 1 (2.9) | <1.6 | None | 1 (+CE) | Progression (18). CT |
| 21 | F/19 | GG | I | Temporal lobe | None | None | 1.9 | None | None | Stable (24) |
| 22 | F/12 | GG | I | Spinal | None | None | <1.6 | None | None | Stable (3) |
↵* Age at second scan.
↵† Equivocal residual tumor. noted number of tumor sites is based on forced decision.
TBRmax = maximal tumor-to-background ratio; CE = contrast enhancement; PA = pilocytic astrocytoma; AT/RT = atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; Ep = ependymoma; DMG = diffuse midline glioma H3 K27 M mutated; NG = nongerminoma; GG = ganglioglioma; HGNET = central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration; PXA = pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma; JXG = juvenile xanthogranuloma; PP = atypical plexus choroideus papilloma; impact of PET: A = influenced clinical management; B = added important clinical information; C = supported clinical decision; D = baseline for later scan that influenced clinical management; RCT = radiochemotherapy; RT = radiotherapy; CT = chemotherapy.