Neuropsychologic Assessments in Pre-HD Subjects and Controls
| Assessment | Control* (n = 27) | Pre-HD (n = 15) | P |
| Cognition | |||
| MMSE | 30.0 (29.0–30.0) | 29.0 (28.0–29.0) | 0.002 |
| RAVLT total (A1–A5) | 55.8 ± 8.6 | 47.5 ± 10.2 | 0.008 |
| RAVLT retention (A7) | 13.0 (12.0–14.0) | 11.0 (7.0–14.0) | 0.04 |
| RAVLT recognition (A8) | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 14.0 (12.0–15.0) | 0.01 |
| BNT | 56.0 (53.0–58.0) | 56.0 (53.0–58.0) | NS |
| TMT A (s) | 25.0 (23.0–34.0) | 31.0 (18.0–38.0) | NS |
| TMT B (s) | 52.5 (47.5–63.0) | 74.0 (54.0–99.0) | 0.004 |
| Stroop word reading | 43.0 (39.0–45.0) | 50.0 (39.0–55.0) | NS |
| Stroop color naming | 50.0 (47.0–60.0) | 58.0 (52.0–65.0) | 0.03 |
| Stroop interference | 82.0 (72.0–91.0) | 88.0 (84.0–113.0) | 0.02 |
| NART | 49.0 (46.0–50.0) | 47.0 (42.5–49.0) | NS |
| DS forward | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | NS |
| DS backward | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.03 |
| VF animal | 22.0 (21.0–26.0) | 19.0 (16.0–27.0) | NS |
| VF N | 13.0 (10.0–15.0) | 9.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.03 |
| VF A | 13.0 (11.0–15.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.007 |
| VF K | 14.33 ± 4.64 | 11.53 ± 6.31 | NS |
| Digit symbol | 85.0 (76.0–93.0) | 64.0 (54.0–88.0) | NS |
| Block patrons | 67.0 (65.0–68.0) | 66.0 (57.0–67.0) | NS |
| Mood and behavior | |||
| BDI | 1.0 (0.0–5.0) | 4.0 (1.0–10.0) | NS |
| STAI 1 | 47.0 (44.0–55.0) | 49.0 (43.0–50.0) | NS |
| STAI 2 | 47.8 ± 3.9 | 46.5 ± 6.1 | NS |
| PBA-HD total | 2.7 ± 3.1 | 10.0 ± 7.7 | 0.002 |
| PBA-HD apathy | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 2.0 | 0.005 |
| PBA-HD irritability | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
| PBA-HD depression | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 3.0 | 0.02 |
↵* Gene-negative and community controls.
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT = Boston Naming Test; NS = not significant; TMT = Trail Making Test; NART = National Adult Reading Test; DS = Digit Span Test; VF N, A, K = verbal fluency for letters N, A, and K; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Skewed data are median followed by quartiles 1–3 in parentheses. Normally distributed data are mean ± SD. P values are for results surviving Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni test.