Retrospective study | n | Source | Survival benefit |
Bilimoria et al. (11) | 52,173 | NCDB | Yes |
Adam et al. (31) | 61,775 | NCDB | No |
Haigh et al. (32) | 5,432 | SEER | No |
Barney et al. (33) | 23,605 | SEER | No |
Mendelsohn et al. (34) | 22,724 | SEER | No |
Nixon et al. (12) | 889 | Single center | No |
Matsuzu et al. (35) | 1,088 | Single center | No |
NCDB = National Cancer Database; SEER = Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.