TABLE 1

Form of the Dose–Response for Radiation Tumorigenesis (2)

Step	Description^*
1	Increasing exposure leads to linear increase in number of electron tracks, which increases probability of biologic effect (2).
2	DNA DSBs are most concerning biologic effect (2,7,9–11).
3	Cellular response to DSBs often leads to cells that survive the damage but contain DNA mutations (2,5–7,8,12,16).
4	DNA mutations lead to cancer initiation and progression in humans (2,6).

↵* Only an abbreviated reference list is provided. The BEIR VII report provides a more comprehensive list that was current as of 2006.