Overview of Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | Alcohol-dependent subjects (n = 16) | Controls (n = 32) | P |
| Female/male (n) | 3/13 | 14/18 | 0.088 |
| Age (y) | 46 ± 8 | 45 ± 13 | 0.80 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | 0.70 |
| Education (y) | 15.5 ± 5.7 | 16.1 ± 4.4 | 0.67 |
| Temperament traits (TCI scores) | |||
| Novelty seeking | 19.1 ± 6.7 | 16.2 ± 4.8 | 0.093 |
| Harm avoidance | 20.6 ± 9.2 | 13.3 ± 5.6 | 0.001 |
| Reward dependence | 15.8 ± 4.7 | 17.5 ± 4.2 | 0.22 |
| Persistence | 4.7 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 0.85 |
| Family history of alcoholism (n) | 13 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Reported intake (g/wk) | 1,627 ± 648 | 24 ± 21 | <0.001 |
| Hair ethyl glucuronide level (pg/mg) | 221.5 (375.1) | 8.1 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| AUDIT score | 27 ± 4 | 2 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| Reported use (y) | 26.5 ± 12.9 | 26.6 ± 8.1 | 0.99 |
| Reported problematic use (y) | 12.7 ± 10.7 | — | — |
| Abstinence (d) | 7.3 ± 4.0 | — | — |
| Alcohol craving (DDQ scores) | |||
| Desire and intention | 15.7 ± 7.0 | — | — |
| Negative reinforcement | 14.8 ± 6.5 | — | — |
| Control | 4.0 (5.0) | — | — |
| Nicotine use (n) | 11 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Number of cigarettes per day | 18.5 (20) | — | — |
| Regular use (y) | 23 ± 6 | — | — |
| FTND score | 5.5 ± 2.7 | — | — |
| 18F-FPEB | |||
| Injected activity (MBq) | 175 ± 11 | 177.0 ± 7 | >0.5 |
| Specific activity (MBq/nmol) | 97 ± 51 | 90 ± 52 | >0.5 |
| Injected mass (μg) | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | >0.5 |
TCI = Temperament and Character Inventory; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DDQ = Desires for Drug Questionnaire adapted for alcohol; FTND = Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Continuous data are mean ± SD or median followed by interquartile range in parentheses. Dichotomous data are numbers.