TABLE 2

Summary of Studies with 18F-Choline

PSA (ng/mL)
StudyYearNo. of patientsType of data collectionMedianRangeSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Assessed parameters
Cimitan et al. (33)2006100Prospective1.98*,†0.12–14.3NANALR, N, B
48.28*,‡0.22–511.79
Vees et al. (25)200711Retrospective0.350.11–0.7345 (PSA < 1)LR, N, B
Pelosi et al. (34)200856Prospective4.59*0.1–3943NALR, N, B, M
Beheshti et al. (30)200838Prospective56*7499B
Husarik et al. (27)2008111Prospective10.81*86NALR, N, B
Beheshti et al. (29)201070Prospective39.65*0.1–2397997B
Langsteger et al. (31)201142ProspectiveNA8996B
McCarthy et al. (32)201126Prospective10.51.6–2509696B, M
Henninger et al. (37)201235Retrospective1.33§0.11–3.0680§NALR, N, B
1.17||0.13–2.9450||
Panebianco et al. (26)201284Prospective1.1*,0.8–1.46250LR
1.9*,#1.3–2.592#33#
Schillaci et al. (39)201249Prospective4.13*0.09–15.5167NALR, N, B
Graute et al. (38)201282Retrospective2.40.03–3682**74**LR, N, B
Chondrogiannis et al. (35)201346Retrospective6.5*1.1–49.480††NALR, N, B
Marzola et al. (40)2013233Retrospective1.9*,†0.01–20.854††NALR, N, B
14.7*,‡0.01–300
Beheshti et al. (36)2013250Prospective46.9*314.7‡‡78/81/85/93§§NALR, N, B
Detti et al. (41)2013170Retrospective16.310.5–6610057LR, N, B
Chiaravalloti et al. (42)201679Retrospective1.37*0.21–264||||60||||LR, N, B

  • ↵* Mean.

  • ↵† Negative scan results.

  • ↵‡ Positive scan results.

  • ↵§ Patients receiving ADT.

  • ↵|| Patients not receiving ADT.

  • ↵ Lesion size of 5–7.2 mm.

  • ↵# Lesion size of 7.6–19.4 mm.

  • ↵** PSA threshold was 1.74 ng/mL.

  • ↵†† Expressed as rate of detection.

  • ↵‡‡ SD.

  • ↵§§ The different sensitivity values are for different PSA levels: 78 for PSA more than 0.5, 81 for PSA more than 1, 85 for PSA more than 2, and 93 for PSA more than 4.

  • ↵|||| PSAdt cutoff value was 6 mo.

  • NA = not available; LR = local recurrence; N = lymph node involvement; B = bone metastases; M = distant metastases.