TABLE 1

Molecular Imaging Studies Seeking to Confirm HER2 Overexpression in Early and Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Type of probe	PET or SPECT probe and dose	Patient population	Optimal timing for imaging	Findings	Study
Intact monoclonal antibodies	¹¹¹In-trastuzumab (185 MBq) with variable amount of trastuzumab	Advanced disease (n = 10)	Not mentioned	Ability to predict cardiotoxicity and response to trastuzumab	Behr et al. (32) (2000)
	¹¹¹In-trastuzumab (100–150 MBq) after first therapeutic dose of trastuzumab	Advanced disease (n = 15)	Up to 7 d after injection	Low tumor detection rate; no ability to predict trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity	Perik et al. (33) (2006)
	⁸⁹Zr-trastuzumab (37 MBq + either 10 or 50 mg of trastuzumab)	Advanced disease (n = 14), on or off trastuzumab therapy	Day 4 or 5 after injection	Excellent tumor uptake; visualization of metastasis in liver, bone, lungs, and brain; 50 mg of trastuzumab needed if patients were off trastuzumab	Dijkers et al. (13) (2010)
	⁶⁴Cu-trastuzumab (130 MBq); no unlabeled trastuzumab	Early and advanced disease (n = 6)	48 h after injection	No “cold” trastuzumab used; suboptimal visualization of liver lesions; primary tumors and brain metastasis seen	Tamura et al. (34) (2013)
	⁶⁴Cu-trastuzumab (364–512 MBq); 5 mg of trastuzumab preceded by trastuzumab infusion (45 mg)	Advanced disease (n = 8), off trastuzumab therapy for ≥4 mo	48 h after injection	Mapping of lesions close to that obtained by ¹⁸F-FDG PET; some lesions seen only on ⁶⁴Cu-trastuzumab PET; 45 mg of cold trastuzumab needed	Mortimer et al. (35) (2014)
Affibody molecules	¹¹¹In- or ⁶⁸Ga-labeled ABY-002 (80–90 mg, with activity ranging from 110 to 267 MBq)	Advanced disease (n = 3), on or off trastuzumab therapy	3 h after injection	High rate of detection of known lesion on ¹⁸F-FDG PET; high level of liver or kidney uptake is problematic	Baum et al. (22) (2010)
	¹¹¹In-ABY-025 (100 mg, with mean activity of 142.6 MBq; range, 131–154 MBq)	Advanced disease (n = 7) with 5 HER2-positive and 2 HER2-negative tumors; some on trastuzumab therapy	24 h after injection	Visualization of HER2-positive metastases, including those in liver or brain	Sörensen et al. (36) (2014)