TABLE 2

Properties of Positron-Emitting Isotopes Used in This Work (37–39)

Property	¹⁸F	¹¹C	⁸⁹Zr	¹²⁴I	⁶⁸Ga	⁹⁰Y
Half-life	109.8 min	20.4 min	78.4 h	100.2 h	67.6 min	64.1 h
β⁺, decay fraction (%)	97	100	23	23	88	0.0032^*
β⁺, mean energy (MeV)	0.250	0.386	0.396	0.832	0.836	<0.769^†
β⁺, mean range, water (mm)	0.64	1.22	1.27	3.46	3.49	—
Prompt γ emission^‡	No	No	No	Yes (0.603 MeV)	No	No^§

↵* β branching ratio for production of e⁺ e⁻ pairs.
↵† β maximum energy available for e⁺ e⁻ pairs.
↵‡ Prompt γ emission within PET energy window.
↵§ High singles photon counting rate from Bremsstrahlung (not in coincidence).