Measurements, Indications, and Modalities Used in Echocardiographic Evaluation of HF
| Measurement | Indication | Modality |
| EF | Classification, risk assessment; selection for implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy | 2D or 3D echocardiography, contrast |
| Non-EF indices of function | Risk assessment | Doppler dP/dt |
| Mitral regurgitant orifice area | Quantification of mitral regurgitation | Color and CW Doppler |
| Transmitral and annular velocities | Assessment of diastolic function and filling pressure | Pulsed-wave tissue and blood-flow Doppler |
| Left atrial volume | Prognosis, diastolic evaluation | 2D or 3D echocardiography |
| RV assessment | Prognosis, evaluation for assist device | RV strain, tissue Doppler, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, fractional area change, etc. |
| Regional function | Assessment of CAD | Wall motion analysis, strain |
| Regional timing | Site of greatest maximal delay | Cardiac resynchronization therapy selection |