Effects of HF Therapies on Measures of 123I-MIBG Uptake and Washout
| Study | Therapy | No. of patients | Follow-up | Design | Results |
| Barr et al. (28) | Spironolactone/placebo | 42 | 8 wk | RCT | Improved HMR in spironolactone group |
| Somsen et al. (29) | Enalapril | 23 | 6 wk | Pre/post uncontrolled | Improved SPECT uptake after enalapril |
| Fukuoka et al. (30) | Metoprolol | 13 | 3 mo | Nonrandomized, uncontrolled | Patients with change in EF ≥ 5% had more improvement in WOR |
| Takeishi et al. (31) | Enalapril/control | 29 | 9 mo | Nonrandomized | Improved HMR and WOR in enalapril group |
| Soeki et al. (32) | Enalapril | 10 | 7 mo | Pre/post uncontrolled | Improved HMR but not WOR in enalapril group |
| Toyama et al. (33) | Metoprolol/enalapril | 24 | 12 mo | Randomized active control | Improved HMR in enalapril and metoprolol groups |
| Agostini et al. (34) | Carvedilol | 22 | 6 mo | Pre/post uncontrolled | Improved HMR after carvedilol |
| Gerson et al. (18) | Carvedilol | 22 | 7 mo | Pre/post uncontrolled | Improved HMR after carvedilol |
| Kasama et al. (35) | Spirinolactone | 30 | 6 mo | RCT | Improved HMR and WOR in spironolactone group |
| Toyama et al. (36) | Amiodarone/metoprolol | 30 | 12 mo | Randomized active control | Improved HMR in amiodarone and metoprolol groups |
| Kasama et al. (37) | Candesartan/placebo | 50 | 6 mo | RCT (in patients with HFpEF) | Improved HMR and WOR in candesartan group |
Pre/post = before and after drug treatment; RCT = randomized controlled trial; WOR = washout rate for 123I-MIBG; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.