Patient Characteristics
| Patients with*: | ||||||
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 290)* | Normal coronary arteries (n = 24) | Nonobstructive CAD (n = 87) | 1- or 2-Vessel disease (n = 124) | High-risk CAD (n = 55) | P |
| Age (y)† | 65 (57–74) | 57 (44–68) | 63 (56–74) | 66 (58–75) | 69 (61–76) | 0.0001 |
| Male sex | 155 (53%) | 6 (25%) | 47 (54%) | 68 (55%) | 34 (62%) | 0.021 |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 29.8 (26–34) | 31.0 (27–39) | 28.5 (25–33) | 30.7 (27–36) | 29.4 (25–32) | 0.018 |
| Hypertension | 258 (89%) | 13 (54%) | 79 (91%) | 115 (93%) | 51 (93%) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 213 (73%) | 12 (50%) | 61 (70%) | 97 (78%) | 43 (78%) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes | 118 (41%) | 10 (42%) | 36 (41%) | 54 (44%) | 18 (33%) | 0.59 |
| Family history | 83 (29%) | 8 (33%) | 22 (25%) | 34 (27%) | 19 (34%) | 0.63 |
| Tobacco use | 28 (10%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (6%) | 15 (12%) | 7 (13%) | 0.25 |
| Duke clinical risk score†‡ | 52.0 (24–81) | 20.9 (11–35) | 49.3 (18–77) | 56.2 (30–85) | 62.4 (33–85) | <0.0001 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Aspirin | 200 (69%) | 10 (42%) | 62 (71%) | 90 (73%) | 38 (69%) | 0.035 |
| β-blockers | 204 (70%) | 12 (50%) | 64 (74%) | 87 (70%) | 41 (74%) | 0.15 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 204 (70%) | 13 (54%) | 56 (64%) | 92 (74%) | 43 (78%) | 0.08 |
| Insulin | 53 (18%) | 5 (21%) | 18 (21%) | 23 (19%) | 7 (13%) | 0.64 |
| Hypoglycemia agents | 25 (9%) | 2 (8%) | 9 (10%) | 10 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 0.92 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 83 (29%) | 5 (21%) | 25 (29%) | 36 (29%) | 17 (31%) | 0.82 |
| ACE inhibitors | 110 (38%) | 4 (17%) | 37 (42%) | 48 (39%) | 21 (38%) | 0.11 |
| Nitrates | 55 (19%) | 2 (8%) | 19 (22%) | 26 (21%) | 8 (14%) | 0.30 |
| Test indication | ||||||
| Chest pain | 163 (56%) | 15 (63%) | 50 (57%) | 71 (57) | 27 (49%) | 0.65 |
| Dyspnea | 91 (31%) | 8 (33%) | 28 (32%) | 38 (31%) | 17 (31%) | 0.99 |
| Presurgery | 33 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 8 (9%) | 17 (14%) | 7 (13%) | 0.43 |
↵* Data are presented as numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Continuous variables are presented as medians, with interquartile ranges in parentheses.
↵‡ Duke clinical risk score includes age, sex, angina, history of myocardial infarction, electrocardiogram Q wave and ST-T wave changes, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, age × sex, history of myocardial infarction × electrocardiogram Q wave, age × dyslipidemia, and sex × smoking (interaction) (42).
BMI = body mass index; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.