Phantom and In Vivo Validation Studies of Quantitative 131I SPECT
| Study | Application/potential application | Study | System | Reconstruction | Quantification accuracy* |
| Song 2011 (14) | RIT dosimetry | Phantom simulations | Simulation study | OSEM with ESSE SC, AC, CDRC | <5% error for larger organs; 10%–15% for smaller organs |
| Dewaraja 2010 (4) | RIT dosimetry | Phantom measurements/simulations | SPECT/CT | OSEM with TEW SC, CT-based AC, CDRC | <17% error for 8- to 95-mL spheres; 31% for 4-mL sphere |
| Pereira 2010 (28) | Dosimetry | Phantom measurements | SPECT/CT | OSEM with TEW SC, CT-based AC | Measured-to-true ratios of >90% for 11.5-mL sphere, 13%–63% for 1.4- and 2.2-mL spheres |
| Shcherbinin 2008 (29) | MIBG dosimetry | Phantom measurements | SPECT/CT | OSEM with analytic scatter model, CT-based AC, CDRC | 3%–4% error for 32-mL volumes |
| Koral 2005 (24) | RIT dosimetry | Phantom measurements | SPECT and CT separately | OSEM with TEW SC, CT-based AC, CDRC | <7% average error for 100-mL sphere |
| Gonzalez Trotter 2001 (13) | Brain tumor RIT | Phantom measurements | SPECT with specialized collimator | OSEM with TEW SC, AC, CDRC | <20% error for 6- to 11-mL spheres |
| Alaamer 1993 (18) | MIBG dosimetry | Phantom measurements | SPECT and CT separately | Reconstruction with SC and AC | SE = 0.24 MBq for 6–600 mL |
| Israel 1990 (19) | MIBG and thyroid carcinoma dosimetry | Phantom measurements and in vivo patient study of 131I concentration in urinary bladder | SPECT | FBP | Phantom: good correlation with truth (r = 0.98, SEE = 20.94 counts/voxel); patients: good correlation with concentration in urine (r = 0.98, SEE = 25.049 kBq/mL) |
| Riggs 1988 (30) | RIT | Phantom measurements and in vivo patient study of 131I concentration in heart | SPECT | FBP with DEW SC, Chang AC | Phantom: <10% error; patients: good correlation with concentration in serial blood |
↵* Percentage difference between SPECT estimated activity and truth.
RIT = radioimmunotherapy; ESSE = effective scatter source estimation; SC = scatter correction; AC = attenuation correction; CDRC = CDR compensation; MIBG = metaiodobenzylguanidine; FBP = filtered backprojection; DEW = dual energy windows, SE = standard error; SEE = standard error of the estimate.